![]() The period of post-war KMT rule over China (1945–1949) was marked by conflict in Taiwan between local residents and the new KMT authority. In 1945, Japan was defeated in World War II and surrendered its forces in Taiwan to the Allies the ROC, then ruled by the Kuomintang (KMT), took custody of the island. As part of the Japanese Empire, Taiwan was a foreign jurisdiction in relation to the Qing dynasty until 1912, and then to the Republic of China for the remainder of the Japanese rule. Qing loyalists briefly resisted the Japanese rule under the banner of the " Republic of Formosa", but were quickly put down by Japanese authorities. However, the fall of the Qing outpaced the development of Taiwan, and in 1895, following its defeat in the First Sino-Japanese War, the Imperial government ceded Taiwan to Japan in perpetuity. In 1887, Fujian-Taiwan Province was declared by Imperial decree. ![]() With other powers increasingly eyeing Taiwan for its strategic location and resources in the 19th century, the administration began to implement a modernization drive. Taiwan was incorporated into Fujian province in 1684. Koxinga's heirs used Taiwan as a base for launching raids into mainland China against the Manchu Qing dynasty, before being defeated in 1683 by Qing forces. After establishing their first settlement in Taiwan in 1624, the Dutch were defeated in 1662 by Koxinga (Zheng Chenggong), a Ming dynasty loyalist, who took the island and established the first formally Han Chinese regime in Taiwan. In the 16th and 17th centuries, Taiwan first caught the attention of Portuguese, then Dutch and Spanish explorers. However, no Chinese dynasty formally incorporated Taiwan in ancient times. The early history of cross-strait relations involved the exchange of cultures, people, and technology. However, during Democratic Progressive Party administrations, negotiations continue to occur on practical matters through informal channels. Diplomatic contact between the two sides has generally been limited to Kuomintang administrations on Taiwan. In 2008, negotiations began to restore the Three Links (postal, transportation, trade) between the two sides, cut off since 1949. The PRC remains hostile to any formal declaration of independence and maintains its claim over Taiwan.Īt the same time, non-governmental and semi-governmental exchanges between the two sides have increased. Since the democratization of Taiwan, the question regarding the political and legal status of Taiwan has shifted focus to the choice between political unification with mainland China or de jure Taiwanese independence. In the early years, military conflicts continued, while diplomatically both governments competed to be the " legitimate government of China". Since then, the relations between the governments in Beijing and Taipei have been characterized by limited contact, tensions, and instability. No armistice or peace treaty has ever been signed and debate continues as to whether the civil war has legally ended. ![]() ![]() In 1949, with the Chinese Civil War turning decisively in favor of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), the Republic of China government, led by the Kuomintang (KMT), retreated to Taiwan and established the provisional capital in Taipei, while the CCP proclaimed the People's Republic of China (PRC) government in Beijing. The English expression "cross-strait relations" is considered to be a neutral term which avoids reference to the political status of either side.Īt the end of World War II in 1945, the administration of Taiwan was transferred to the Republic of China (ROC) from the Empire of Japan, though legal questions remain regarding the language in the Treaty of San Francisco. " 1992 Consensus"), whether they can be reunified as one country, two systems, or whether they are now separate countries (either as "Taiwan" and "China" or Two Chinas). The essential question is whether the two governments are still in a civil war over One China, each holding within one of two "regions" or parts of the same country (e.g. ![]() The relationship has been complex and controversial due to the dispute on the political status of Taiwan after the administration of Taiwan was transferred from Japan to the Republic of China at the end of World War II in 1945, and the subsequent split between the PRC and ROC as a result of the Chinese Civil War. The Cross-Strait relations (sometimes called Mainland–Taiwan relations, or Taiwan–China relations ) are the relations between China (officially the People's Republic of China, PRC) and Taiwan (officially the Republic of China, ROC). The size of minor islands is exaggerated in this map for ease of identification. Territories currently administered by the two governments that formally use the name China: the PRC (in purple) and the ROC (in orange). Bilateral relations Cross-Strait relations ![]()
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